Winter Jasmine - leaves dropped from the heart of it - what to do?

For the last four years this winter jasmine has been dense with foliage, so that the birdbox in the heart of it could almost not be seen.
It was still in good health as we entered autumn 2019, but now the
heart has dropped its leaves, and many of the green leaves in the
perimeter have dropped too - possibly because of the two recent storms
here in Shropshire.
It is west facing, it gets lots of light and moderate direct sun, and it gets enough rain water.
What should I do?
I'm
wondering whether I should trim it back, removing all the green foliage
around the perimeter, so that, hopefully, the centre will sprout, and
I'm thinking that that if this is the best course of action then I
should do it fairly soon.

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Plants of any kind in containers need a lot of help to thrive. They're totally reliant on you for their needs, and will run out of oomph eventually if they don't get that. There's only so long they can manage to survive as the rootball grows bigger. It's why some climbers just don't work in containers at all.
Has it ever had the soil refreshed/replaced?
Do you water and feed?
Of course, but not enough soil for that plant to grow happily.
There simply isn't enough nutrition, or room, for a plant of that type to get fully grown, and be sustained, in a container that size. Fine for a year or two, but after that, the plant will suffer.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/430.shtml
They wouldn't have that amount of foliage at this time of year, not here anyway, but even so, now that you say it- the foliage isn't right for the winter one.